51204172-175
51204172-175
:祖巧麗
:
熱電阻是中低溫區(qū)zui常用的一種溫度檢測器。它的主要特點(diǎn)是測量精度高,性能穩(wěn)定。其中鉑熱是阻的測量精確度是zui高的,它不僅廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)測溫,而且被制成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基準(zhǔn)儀。
1.熱電阻測溫原理及材料
熱電阻測溫是基于金屬導(dǎo)體的電阻值隨溫度的增加而增加這一特性來進(jìn)行溫度測量的。熱電阻大都由純金屬材料制成,目前應(yīng)用zui多的是鉑和銅,此外,現(xiàn)在已開始采用甸、鎳、錳和銠等材料制造熱電阻。
2.熱電阻的結(jié)構(gòu)
?。?)精通型熱電阻 工業(yè)常用熱電阻感溫元件(電阻體)的結(jié)構(gòu)及特點(diǎn)見表2-1-11。從熱電阻的測溫原理可知,被測溫度的變化是直接通過熱電阻阻值的變化來測量的,因此,熱電阻體的引出線等各種導(dǎo)線電阻的變化會(huì)給溫度測量帶來影響。為消除引線電阻的影響同般采用三線制或四線制。
(2)鎧裝熱電阻 鎧裝熱電阻是由感溫元件(電阻體)、引線、絕緣材料、不銹鋼套管組合而成的堅(jiān)實(shí)體,它的外徑一般為φ2~φ8mm,zui小可達(dá)φmm。與普通型熱電阻相比,它有下列優(yōu)點(diǎn):①體積小,內(nèi)部無空氣隙,熱慣性上,測量滯后小;②機(jī)械性能好、耐振,抗沖擊;③能彎曲,便于安裝④使用壽命長。
?。?)端面熱電阻 端面熱電阻感溫元件由特殊處理的電阻絲材繞制,緊貼在溫度計(jì)端面,其結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2-1-8所示。它與一般軸向熱電阻相比,能更正確和快速地反映被測端面的實(shí)際溫度,適用于測量軸瓦和其他機(jī)件的端面溫度。
(4)隔爆型熱電阻 隔爆型熱電阻通過特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的接線盒,把其外殼內(nèi)部爆炸性混合氣體因受到火花或電弧等影響而發(fā)生的爆炸局限在接線盒內(nèi),生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場不會(huì)引超爆炸。隔爆型熱電阻可用于Bla~B3c級區(qū)內(nèi)具有爆炸危險(xiǎn)場所的溫度測量。
3.熱電阻測溫系統(tǒng)的組成
熱電阻測溫系統(tǒng)一般由熱電阻、連接導(dǎo)線和顯示儀表等組成。必須注意以下兩點(diǎn):
?、贌犭娮韬惋@示儀表的分度號必須*;
②為了消除連接導(dǎo)線電阻變化的影響,必須采用三線制接法。
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